Humans spend 15h to 60h of labour to build a car. After, humans worked on individual parts, shipping, loading etc. My rule of thumb is that there is about 10%

Humans spend 15h to 60h of labour to build a car. After, humans worked on individual parts, shipping, loading etc. My rule of thumb is that there is about 10% of manufacture cost that are direct or indirect cost connected to payroll. If I may add another axis of reflexion that I consider fundamental for modern engineers to consider, food for machines for producing a car (44% natural gas when smithing things) is about 15 to 25% of the energy cost to use the car in its lifetime, according to the EU. Or about 2,400 euro of a 8L/100km car. So in a world where energy gets more expensive, automation needs to definitely evolve, but not solely to be faster or replace more humans. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2396/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2396/pdf