Functions compile just-ahead-of-time to native code using LLVM. Functions specialize based on the input types used and use type inference, meaning that in idiom

Functions compile just-ahead-of-time to native code using LLVM. Functions specialize based on the input types used and use type inference, meaning that in idiomatic Julia code, all types are known at compile time. Finally, Julia uses struct layout similar to static languages like C or Rust. The trifecta of complete type information, compilation to native code, and efficient data layout, is what makes the difference. Notably, Julia is not any faster than most static languages, nearly all of whom also use the same trio.