When it comes to what it is tailored: there are two VM models: CoreCLR optimized for speed and throughout and MonoVM optimized for aot and small size workloads

When it comes to what it is tailored: there are two VM models: CoreCLR optimized for speed and throughout and MonoVM optimized for aot and small size workloads (aka apps and webassembly). Nodejs is beat by CoreCLR dramatically on its own domain. GraalVM i have to little insights but CoreCLR beats/equals performance of it java equivalent. I guess you can tweak GraalVM a lot more than CoreCLR because that is an actual weak point of the CoreCLR.