There is a solution to this problem, known for a few decades now: the vital coded processor. Basic idea: each operation can simultaneously compute a result and

There is a solution to this problem, known for a few decades now: the vital coded processor. Basic idea: each operation can simultaneously compute a result and an arithmetic « signature » that can be pre-calculated for a program. The length in bits of the signature defines the probability of missing an error in the underlying hardware. Think ECC but the error correcting code defines the correct _execution_ of some machine code. For some reason, it does not catch up with the mainstream but it truly would make sense for such application, albeit at the cost of a computational overhead and more work for the compiler.