I would not called Systems thinking out of date [0]. I would rather say some approaches to systems thinking are now out of date. There have been multiple gener

I would not called Systems thinking out of date [0]. I would rather say some approaches to systems thinking are now out of date. There have been multiple generations of systems thinking approaches. Let us take cybernetics as an example, we began with 1st order cybernetics (command and control), then moved on to 2nd order cybernetics, and now we are moving towards 3rd order and 4th order cybernetics. Similarly for systems thinking, we had the "hard approaches" to systems thinking which viewed the system as "out there" (i.e Cybernetics) then it evolved into 'soft systems' approaches. We have seen a shift from functionalist approaches, to interpretive then emancipating and now post-modern approaches. We are moving towards ethics, aesthetics, perception, eco-systems etc. Complex Adaptive systems that Snowden writes about is a subset of these systemtic approaches. Put another way, yes there are some approaches to systems thinking which may be 'dated' (i.e Hard systems), there is quite a bit that is very relevant today. [0] Here is some of my writing on this subject: https://www.notion.so/zyelabs/Systemic-Approaches-HN-0d22752da4234ceabd73feb400cf23ed https://www.notion.so/zyelabs/Systemic-Approaches-HN-0d22752... Edit: Quote from the paper attached in the link above. "The VSM & Cybernetics was heavily influenced by Claude Shannon's discovery of information theory. The 10th theorem of Shannon is the basis for the law of requisite variety. Further the lines drawn within the VSM could be regarded as the communication channels."