3 ms·
The term for this is "binning", and the explanation is wholly innocent. Manufacturing silicon chips is not an exact process, and there will be some rate of def
by jffry 5y ago
The term for this is "binning", and the explanation is wholly innocent. Manufacturing silicon chips is not an exact process, and there will be some rate of defects.
After manufacture, they test the individual components of their chips. These chips are designed in such a way that once they identify parts of a chip that are defective, they can disconnect that part of the chip and the others still work. (I believe they physically cut stuff with lasers but my knowledge is out of date). This process can also includes "burning in" information on the chip itself, like setting bits in on-die ROMs, so that if your OS asks your CPU for its model number it can respond appropriately.
Interesting side note: The same thing happens when manufacturing even basic electronic components like resistors. All the resistors that are within 1% of the target resistance get sold as "±1%" resistors, which means it's pretty likely that if you buy the cheaper "±5%" resistors and test them, you'll find two clusters around -5% and +5% and very few at the target value.
- magicalhippo 5y ago> The same thing happens when manufacturing even basic electronic components like resistors. EEVblog did some tests[1][2] some time ago on ±1% resistors, and found that while his samples were fairly Gaussian and within the spec, the ones from his second batch were consistently low. That is, none were above the rated value. So yeah, don't assume a perfect Gaussian distribution when using resistors. [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WAhTdWErrU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WAhTdWErrU [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSmiDzbVt_U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSmiDzbVt_U