The problem 5 is sometimes caused by the management not allowing time for a proper redesign of a prototype. (Even if TDD is employed, which often is not because

The problem 5 is sometimes caused by the management not allowing time for a proper redesign of a prototype. (Even if TDD is employed, which often is not because tests are not user deliverables.) Hence why my statement "iterative development never works" as the managers will see the initial prototype mostly/partly working and start pushing features on it. In such an environment, you need an experienced designer from day one - at worst you'll get slightly less performant but maintainable code due to extra abstractions. If you get a design mistake... Well...