The tokens in Smalltalk-72 were not "messages" to Actors where whole messages are Actors. Since Actors are universal primitives of digital computation, it is

The tokens in Smalltalk-72 were not "messages" to Actors where whole messages are Actors. Since Actors are universal primitives of digital computation, it is possible to reframe all previous work as using messages, including Turing Machines and the lambda calculus. Lambda calculus was originally defined using string substitution. Both lambda calculus and Turing machines are computationally less powerful than Actors.