The problem is that there are no incentives in learning how to program for people in those fields. Most people just get their code to "work" (i.e., output the a

The problem is that there are no incentives in learning how to program for people in those fields. Most people just get their code to "work" (i.e., output the analyses that they want) without really wanting to know how it works. Most of the time code is passed from grad student to grad student and modified to make it work for the specific analysis. As a result, you get Frankenstein code that somewhat works but that is good enough for writing a results section of a paper. There are people that know how to code but those are few and in-between. Usually they are pushed out of academic positions because there are very few ways to fund work to develop scientific code.