Which kind of testing has been proven to be a waste of resources? TDD? I'm no fan of TDD -- I think there's a lot of cargo culting about it -- but I wasn't awa

Which kind of testing has been proven to be a waste of resources? TDD? I'm no fan of TDD -- I think there's a lot of cargo culting about it -- but I wasn't aware anything had been "proven" about it. I've seen papers claiming it helps, papers claiming it sort of helps, and some people claiming it mostly doesn't help (or that what actually helps are some practices that go along with it). I thought there was no industry consensus that it doesn't help.