"without bothering to look through Galileo Galilei’s telescope, philosophers overwhelmingly agreed on the incorrect notion that the sun moves around the Earth"—

"without bothering to look through Galileo Galilei’s telescope, philosophers overwhelmingly agreed on the incorrect notion that the sun moves around the Earth"—this is ridiculous, as if a look through Galileo's (not very powerful, by later century's standards) could tell you that the Earth circles around the sun. What it does show you is that the moon has mountains and is not a flat disk but a sphere (the latter already deducible from its shadows), that there are tiny specks that circle Jupiter, and that Saturn has handlebars (Galileo, for lack of his telescope's resolution, couldn't tell those were rings).