> if you were to not push the pedal at any of those instance That's the key to it IMHO. There has to be isolation for identifying causal relationships. Science

> if you were to not push the pedal at any of those instance That's the key to it IMHO. There has to be isolation for identifying causal relationships. Science is the work to be sure you're measuring the thinnest partial derivative. I'd generalize it to "All else being equal" ---- On another note, I believe there are classes in causality, arranged in a hierarchy. If you're studying the 'physical' class (level 0), you'll end up with causators in the same level or higher ('system' class, level 1). In our case the 'all things being equal' has to take account of an instance of a higher class (the human 'system' regulating the fuel input with the pedal) The level 2 would be system of systems; for example processes like the Darwinian evolution.