For social sciences, I generally disregard those published papers - most are just confirmation biased. .... but each field is different. For those that are mo

For social sciences, I generally disregard those published papers - most are just confirmation biased. .... but each field is different. For those that are more quantitative, it's harder to deviate you conclusion from the data. Bias is not binary, so it's a sliding scale between the hard sciences and the squishy ones.