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Years ago I read an interview with one of Intel's upper managers for the Itanium product line and when he listed off the various reasons it was not successful t

Years ago I read an interview with one of Intel's upper managers for the Itanium product line and when he listed off the various reasons it was not successful the top of the list was the lack of availability to those people actually doing the work of Linux & compiler development having very expensive and unplanned consequences.

sharpneli 5y ago
Reminds me of the AMD ARM server boards, that happened way after Itanium and they still repeated the exact same mistake. Basically there was no way of getting your hands on them. They were interested only in "Serious customers".
- Quequau 5y ago
  I presume that the performance segment that Itanium was intended for is Intel's most profitable. So everyone who proposes to make server chips targets that segment, pretty much to the exclusion of everything else. Having seen this play out a number of times I don't think targetting that segment and only that segment is a great idea.
  - ethbr0 5y ago
    I'm convinced sales forecasters don't actually understand how software ecosystems work. From a stack perspective, you can't really go it alone anymore. The total necessary software universe is too large to rebuild on a reasonable timescale, and too expensive to rebuild by oneself. IBM is about the smallest scale that can do this -- and even they're leveraging decades of effort.
    - oblio 5y ago
      IBM and Apple. Which makes Apple's Big Brother ad even funnier.
    - dralley 5y ago
      Although IBM is doing it x2, with s390x and also with POWER.
- PaulHoule 5y ago
  If the market for something is already established it makes sense to stick to "serious customers". If the market isn't established then you may need to get traction with the dreamers and misfits.
- mumblemumble 5y ago
  I see this happen with software projects, too. For example, I'm pretty sure that this same phenomenon is the main thing that killed Smalltalk.
jeroenhd 5y ago
I don't know if getting Itanium to more people would've saved the platform because of their architecture. The first models had trouble with their memory performance, which was fixed in hardware. The compiler also needed to watch the instructions it outputted, as not putting out the right combination of instructions in order would leave CPU hardware underutilized. Instructions were very wide, causing more frequent cache misses as the cache was full of instructions that were shorter in other architectures. Furthermore, the compiler needed to emit certain hints for the branch predictor and other speculative execution units to function well. I think the lack of availability certainly didn't help, but the architecture itself was probably the biggest downfall of the IA-64 platform. When it was introduced, the hardware was certainly advanced, but relied too much on software to get proper performance out of the chips. The product was doomed from the start. Ampere will likely have entirely different problems bringing their architecture into the market, but I don't think Itanium ever stood a chance even if they'd sent out free chips to as many influential people and companies as possible.
- acdha 5y ago
  There were many reasons why it failed but I think the combination of these two was more synergistic than it seems. Itanium’s designers made some very dubious assumptions about the kind of code they needed to run (businesses buy branchy code, not hand-tuned SPEC benchmarks) but then the systems cost considerably more than the earlier predictions and almost everything was much slower than predicted because few developers had access to a system to tune it and the best compilers were not free. The architecture was probably a fatal mistake on its own (even if Intel had disbanded its x86 line, the “older” RISC processors outperformed, often substantially) but ensuring that almost nobody saw anything close to what performance it could deliver definitely made it fatal. If Intel hadn’t been greedy trying to charge for compilers, the gap wouldn’t have been nearly as bad.
  - twic 5y ago
    > the best compilers were not free This must have been a huge part. Maybe ICC could squeeze more MIPS per dollar out of Itanium than x86, but if GCC can't, people are going to not buy Itanium rather than buy ICC.
NextHendrix 5y ago
That sounds interesting, do you have a link for it?
kps 5y ago
‘Unplanned’ only because Intel learned absolutely nothing from the i860. Amazing performance on a hardware spec sheet, while real programs could never gain the benefit and only paid for the complexity.

sharpneli 5y ago

Reminds me of the AMD ARM server boards, that happened way after Itanium and they still repeated the exact same mistake. Basically there was no way of getting your hands on them. They were interested only in "Serious customers".

Quequau 5y ago
I presume that the performance segment that Itanium was intended for is Intel's most profitable. So everyone who proposes to make server chips targets that segment, pretty much to the exclusion of everything else. Having seen this play out a number of times I don't think targetting that segment and only that segment is a great idea.
- ethbr0 5y ago
  I'm convinced sales forecasters don't actually understand how software ecosystems work. From a stack perspective, you can't really go it alone anymore. The total necessary software universe is too large to rebuild on a reasonable timescale, and too expensive to rebuild by oneself. IBM is about the smallest scale that can do this -- and even they're leveraging decades of effort.
  - oblio 5y ago
    IBM and Apple. Which makes Apple's Big Brother ad even funnier.
  - dralley 5y ago
    Although IBM is doing it x2, with s390x and also with POWER.
PaulHoule 5y ago
If the market for something is already established it makes sense to stick to "serious customers". If the market isn't established then you may need to get traction with the dreamers and misfits.
mumblemumble 5y ago
I see this happen with software projects, too. For example, I'm pretty sure that this same phenomenon is the main thing that killed Smalltalk.

jeroenhd 5y ago

I don't know if getting Itanium to more people would've saved the platform because of their architecture. The first models had trouble with their memory performance, which was fixed in hardware. The compiler also needed to watch the instructions it outputted, as not putting out the right combination of instructions in order would leave CPU hardware underutilized. Instructions were very wide, causing more frequent cache misses as the cache was full of instructions that were shorter in other architectures. Furthermore, the compiler needed to emit certain hints for the branch predictor and other speculative execution units to function well. I think the lack of availability certainly didn't help, but the architecture itself was probably the biggest downfall of the IA-64 platform. When it was introduced, the hardware was certainly advanced, but relied too much on software to get proper performance out of the chips. The product was doomed from the start. Ampere will likely have entirely different problems bringing their architecture into the market, but I don't think Itanium ever stood a chance even if they'd sent out free chips to as many influential people and companies as possible.

acdha 5y ago
There were many reasons why it failed but I think the combination of these two was more synergistic than it seems. Itanium’s designers made some very dubious assumptions about the kind of code they needed to run (businesses buy branchy code, not hand-tuned SPEC benchmarks) but then the systems cost considerably more than the earlier predictions and almost everything was much slower than predicted because few developers had access to a system to tune it and the best compilers were not free. The architecture was probably a fatal mistake on its own (even if Intel had disbanded its x86 line, the “older” RISC processors outperformed, often substantially) but ensuring that almost nobody saw anything close to what performance it could deliver definitely made it fatal. If Intel hadn’t been greedy trying to charge for compilers, the gap wouldn’t have been nearly as bad.
- twic 5y ago
  > the best compilers were not free This must have been a huge part. Maybe ICC could squeeze more MIPS per dollar out of Itanium than x86, but if GCC can't, people are going to not buy Itanium rather than buy ICC.

NextHendrix 5y ago

That sounds interesting, do you have a link for it?

kps 5y ago

‘Unplanned’ only because Intel learned absolutely nothing from the i860. Amazing performance on a hardware spec sheet, while real programs could never gain the benefit and only paid for the complexity.