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Ultimately all databases scale the same way, by splitting up data into shards/partitions/segments and spreading them out over several servers, along with replic
by manigandham 5y ago
Ultimately all databases scale the same way, by splitting up data into shards/partitions/segments and spreading them out over several servers, along with replication for durability. The partitioning is done by a primary/sorting/distribution key on the data for each table.
Implementations vary but there are the 2 major architectures: systems like Vitess/Proxy SQL/Citus/Timescale that act as a proxy layer on top of existing RDBMS running on multiple servers to make them look like a single database, and entirely custom projects like CockroachDB/TiDB/Yugabyte/Cloud Spanner which have their own native processing and data layers.
OLAP relational data warehouses like Vertica/Greenplum/MemSQL/Redshift/Bigquery are also natively distributed but focus on large-scale analytics with features like column-oriented storage and vectorized processing.