I would heavily recommend the aggression lectures by Robert Sapolsky if one is interested into digger deeper into the finding that among most species of animals

I would heavily recommend the aggression lectures by Robert Sapolsky if one is interested into digger deeper into the finding that among most species of animals, higher aggression is typically found among males. Among the answers, one is the human language and the bias we carry with us. Female aggression is commonly treated very differently from male aggression. A mother bear protecting her young is seen as nurturing and protective, while a male bear protecting his territory is seen as aggressive and wrong. From a biological perspective both are just behavior in favor of protecting their reproductive success, but the human bias makes it look from our perspective as very different behaviors. Further differences in reproduction can also be associated with behavior. In species where females will only mate with a small percent of males, the result tend to be males that biologically is more focused on sexual competitiveness with other males. In pair bonding species where male and female reproductive success is more identical, you get almost no finding of male aggression. Testosterone was historically thought as triggering aggression, but in more modern time it has been established that the primary association with aggression is its ability to modulate how much energy is spent on behavior towards keeping social status. In non-pair bonding species, males who suddenly gain social status need to capitalize on it in order for reproductive success, and thus spending reserved energy and taking higher risk when their social status is challenged makes for a higher reproductive success. Females do not in general have this pattern. Neither of the above imply a meaningful difference in male and female brains, or at least not in the term of cause and effect. It is also not purely environmental, through if we were to associated weight to them then environmental factors hold a more prominent role. Change how culture managed social status and the behavior change of testosterone will change with it. Apply culturally a more rigorous definition of female aggression and fewer differences between male and female aggression will be found. That said, biology bias culture, so if one want to understand behavior then both is critical concepts to explore.