"Hamer himself notes that VMAT2 plays at most a minor role in influencing spirituality.[13] Furthermore, Hamer's claim that the VMAT2 gene contributes to spirit

"Hamer himself notes that VMAT2 plays at most a minor role in influencing spirituality.[13] Furthermore, Hamer's claim that the VMAT2 gene contributes to spirituality is controversial.[13] Hamer's study has not been published in a peer reviewed journal and a reanalysis of the correlation demonstrates that it is not statistically significant." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular_monoamine_transporter_2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular_monoamine_transporte... I think what is much more likely is that there is fervour to conform and social value in appearing to conform. What people _really_ believe is clearly much more pragmatic.