I'm sure the original research article treats it with more nuance, but that's not at all what the linked article is implying: "a gendered world creates a gender

I'm sure the original research article treats it with more nuance, but that's not at all what the linked article is implying: "a gendered world creates a gendered brain, and not the brain itself". Further, there are plenty of studies showing sex differences actually in the brain in mice. How impactful those differences are to behavior is not well known yet, and obviously it is difficult to say exactly how that translates to humans anyway. But there are still differences that are pretty well established, for example in glial cell development. Staci Bilbo is one up and coming PI at Harvard working on glial cell research, and one of her focuses has been sex differences. Some of her work is actually on how hormones interact with these systems: https://www.icon.mgh.harvard.edu/collaborators/staci-bilbo https://www.icon.mgh.harvard.edu/collaborators/staci-bilbo Neuroimmunology in general is pretty wild and I think we will find some gendered differences there. Certain maternal immune activation mouse models of Autism only show abnormal behavior in the males. More generally I think it's accepted that there are gender differences in the immune system: https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2016.90 https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2016.90