But because Intel (mostly) sells commodity parts, any effort improving compilers has a limited ability to benefit Intel without also benefiting competitors (i.e

But because Intel (mostly) sells commodity parts, any effort improving compilers has a limited ability to benefit Intel without also benefiting competitors (i.e. AMD Ryzen/Epyc). Compiler improvements also benefit owners of existing devices, which reduces the pressure for customers to trigger a hardware upgrade cycle. However you cut it, improving x86 compilers doesn't improve Intel's profitability in a competitive x86-dominant market. Apple doesn't have any such conflicting motivations because they sell the product rather than commodity parts. For Apple, improving the compiler as a unified part of the Apple Silicon development process means they can sell a better product with the same unit cost, with only residual benefit to competitors that don't have access to Apple Silicon hardware.