What are folks' favorite overviews on how these lenses work? Basic optics from my high school physics classes topped out at the telephoto lens from the article,

What are folks' favorite overviews on how these lenses work? Basic optics from my high school physics classes topped out at the telephoto lens from the article, what would be a good place to start to get a better sense of how the designs in the article help with distortion? [Edit: Found https://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2011/08/lens-geneology-part-1/ https://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2011/08/lens-geneology-part..., which looks like a promising start]