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I appreciate the feedback. > For example, Capitalism is built on the philosophy of decentralized decision-making, whilst Communism is built on the philosophy o

by keith1 5y ago

I appreciate the feedback. > For example, Capitalism is built on the philosophy of decentralized decision-making, whilst Communism is built on the philosophy of centralized decision-making. I'm mainly referring to the process of price-setting. Rather than having some all-powerful body that determines the price, the price is determined by market participants. Too high and no one buys, too low and no one makes a profit. The market determing the price of goods is an example of decentralized decision-making. This aspect of Capitalism is what allows for a more efficient allocation of scarce resources. The gov't doesn't tell corporations what goods to produce or who they should be sold to, instead corporations make those decisions based on prices set by the market. Where can they make the most profit? The answer to this question correlates (in theory and most of the time, in practice) with where the resources are most needed. So in short, the market sets the price (decentralized decision-making) and the prices determine where resources are allocated. Communism as implemented in the USSR lacked this aspect which is why the allocation of resources was less than ideal. e.g. Bread lines, two or more years to receive a car that was purchased, etc. It should be noted that I'm mainly referring to Communism as seen in the USSR and China. >The Chinese have their own way of implementing Capitalism which is largely informed by the legacy code from the philosophy of Communism. I'm referring to the Mao Zedong era in which Communism was the dominant economic model. Following that, the development of "Special economic zones" which are "granted more free market-oriented economic policies" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_Chin...). China still remains a communist country but is trying to integrate the Capitalist model whilst taking into account legacy code from a prior regime.

yogthos 5y ago
>I'm mainly referring to the process of price-setting. Rather than having some all-powerful body that determines the price, the price is determined by market participants. Too high and no one buys, too low and no one makes a profit. The market determing the price of goods is an example of decentralized decision-making. But that's not the case in practice, and the government isn't the only way centralization happens. For example, consider telecom industry in US or Canada. There are a small number of providers that effectively form a cartel that carves up the country and ensure that prices stay high. Meanwhile, there is no incentive to provide decent service since there is no viable competition. New players are unable to break in because the initial cost of matching the infrastructure is astronomic, and radio spectrum is monopolized. So, even if initial conditions might facilitate some kind of market competition, it quickly disappears as the system evolves over time. >This aspect of Capitalism is what allows for a more efficient allocation of scarce resources. It's quite clear that capitalism isn't very efficient at allocating resources at scale. We have hunger while we throw away around half the food we produce. We have homeless people while there is more housing than the homeless. We throw regularly away goods that are over produced. Products have planned obsolescence just so that they're thrown away and new ones are bought. Furthermore, despite having many advances in technology and automation people still work as hard as ever. You would think that an efficient system would actually reduce work and create more free time for people. Capitalism shows incredibly inefficiency all around. >Communism as implemented in the USSR lacked this aspect which is why the allocation of resources was less than ideal. e.g. Bread lines, two or more years to receive a car that was purchased, etc. CIA data suggests they ate just as much as Americans after WW2 peroid while having better nutrition: https://www.scribd.com/document/430076844/CIA-RDP84B00274R000300150009-5-pdf https://www.scribd.com/document/430076844/CIA-RDP84B00274R00... Furthermore, Russia went from a backwards agrarian society where people travelled by horse and carriage to being the first in space in the span of 40 years. Russia showed incredible growth after the revolution that surpassed the rest of the world: * https://wid.world/document/soviets-oligarchs-inequality-property-russia-1905-2016/ https://wid.world/document/soviets-oligarchs-inequality-prop... * https://wid.world/document/appendix-soviets-oligarchs-inequality-property-russia-1905-2016-wid-world-working-paper-201710/ https://wid.world/document/appendix-soviets-oligarchs-inequa... USSR provided free education to all citizens resulting in literacy rising from 33% to 99.9%: * http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/PubEdUSSR.htm http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/PubEdUSSR.htm * http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/anglosov.htm http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/anglosov.htm * http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000013/001300eo.pdf http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000013/001300eo.pdf * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likbez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likbez USSR doubled life expectancy in just 20 years. A newborn child in 1926-27 had a life expectancy of 44.4 years, up from 32.3 years thirty years before. In 1958-59 the life expectancy for newborns went up to 68.6 years. the Semashko system of the USSR increased lifespan by 50% in 20 years. By the 1960's, lifespans in the USSR were comparable to those in the USA: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Union https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Uni... * https://www.rand.org/pubs/research\_briefs/RB5054/index1.html](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB5054/index1.html https://www.rand.org/pubs/research\_briefs/RB5054/index1.htm... Quality of nutrition improved after the Soviet revolution, and the last time USSR had a famine was in 1940s. USSR moved from 58.5-hour work weeks to 41.6 hour work weeks (-0.36 h/yr) between 1913 and 1960: * https://books.google.com/books?id=x8JYjwEACAAJ https://books.google.com/books?id=x8JYjwEACAAJ * https://b-ok.cc/book/2669908/77497f https://b-ok.cc/book/2669908/77497f USSR averaged 22 days of paid leave in 1986 while USA averaged 7.6 in 1996: * https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.pdf https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.p... * https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ebs.t05.htm https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ebs.t05.htm In 1987, people in the USSR could retire with pension at 55 (female) and 60 (male) while receiving 50% of their wages at a at minimum. Meanwhile, in USA the average retirement age was 62-67 and the average (not median) retiree household in the USA could expect $48k/yr which comes out to 65% of the 74k average (not median) household income in 2016: * https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.pdf https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.p... * https://www.cbsnews.com/news/could-you-get-by-on-the-average-americans-retirement-income/ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/could-you-get-by-on-the-average... GDP took off after socialism was established and then collapsed with the reintroduction of capitalism: * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_GDP_per_capita.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_GDP_per... The Soviet Union had the highest physician/patient ratio in the world. USSR had 42 doctors per 10,000 population compared to 24 in Denmark and Sweden, and 19 in US: * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0735675784900482 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/07356757849... (sci-hub for access) * USSR defeated a smallpox epidemic in a matter of 19 days https://www.rbth.com/history/331857-how-ussr-defeated-black-smallpox https://www.rbth.com/history/331857-how-ussr-defeated-black-... * The Social Consequences of Soviet Immunization Policies https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1997-812-03g-Hoch.pdf https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1997-812-03g-Hoch.pdf USSR produced many firsts in the realm of science and technology: * 1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 Semyorka * 1957: First orbiting satellite, Sputnik 1 * 1957: First living in orbit, the dog Laika on Sputnik 2 * 1957: First nuclear powered icebreaker "Lenin" weighing in at 19,240 tons of steel * 1958: First Tokamak thermonuclear experimental system * 1959: First man-made object to leave the Earth's orbit, Luna 1 * 1959: First communication to and from Luna 1 with Earth * 1959: First object to pass near the moon, and the first object in orbit around the Moon, Luna 1 * 1959: First satellite hit the moon, Luna 2 * 1959: First images of the dark side of the moon, Luna 3 * 1960: First satellite to be launched to Mars, the Marsnik 1 * 1961: First satellite to Venus, Venera 1 * 1961: First person to enter orbit around the Earth, Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 * 1961: First person to spend a day in orbit, Gherman Titov – Vostok 2 * 1962: First flight of two astronauts, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 * 1963: First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 * 1964: First flight of several astronauts, Voskhod 1 * 1965: First spacewalk, Aleksei Leonov, Voskhod 2 * 1965: First probe to another planet Venus, Venera 3 * 1966: First probe to descend on the moon and send from there, Luna 9 * 1966: First probe in lunar orbit, Luna 10 * 1967: First meeting of unmanned Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188, this aws not achieved by US until 2006 * 1969: First docking and crew exchange in orbit, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 * 1970: First signals sent to the moon by Luna 16 * 1970: First mobile robot, Lunokhod 1 * 1970: First data sent by a probe from another planet (Venus), Venera 7 * 1971: First space station, Salyut 1 * 1971: First satellite in orbit around Mars and landing on Mars 2 * 1975: First satellite in orbit around Venus and sending data to earth, Venera 9 * 1984: First woman to walk in space, Svetlana Savitskaja on Salyut 7 * 1986: First team to visit two space stations Salyut and Mir * 1986: First permanent space station in Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, MIR * 1987: First team to spend more than a year aboard Mir, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov These are just some of the biggest technological and social achievements of the Soviet Union. and here are academic studies on USSR Professor of Economic History, Robert C. Allen, concludes in his study without the 1917 revolution is directly responsible for rapid growth that made the achievements listed above possilbe: * https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.507.8966&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50... Study demonstrating the steady increase in quality of life during the Soviet period (including under Stalin). Includes the fact that Soviet life expectancy grew faster than any other nation recorded at the time: * https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 A large study using world bank data analyzing the quality of life in Capitalist vs Socialist countries and finds overwhelmingly at similar levels of development with socialism bringing better quality of life: * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1646771/pdf/amjph00269-0055.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1646771/pdf/amj... This study compared capitalist and socialist countries in measures of the physical quality of life (PQL), taking into account the level of economic development. * https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2430906/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2430906/ You also appear to be misunderstanding China here. The way capitalism is introduced there is quite different the way it would work in a capitalist country. Calling the communist model legacy is nonsensical since that's what core economy and policy are based around. Capitalism is introduced in strictly supplementary fashion and not intended to replace the communist model. In fact, China explicitly plans to phase it out entirely by 2050.
- nickik 5y ago
  > Professor of Economic History, Robert C. Allen, concludes in his study without the 1917 revolution is directly responsible for rapid growth that made the achievements listed above possilbe: > * https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50... This paper admits that Imperial Russia growth was just as good or better then Soviet growth. They state: > Japanese growth was based on institutional modernization that exceeded anything imaginedby the Tsars. Without a comparable institutional revolution, Russia would have languished. This is a pretty absurd statement that assumes the conclusion. Under the Tsars multiple massive institutional changes happened multiple time, and often in the 19th century. Literally just a few years before WW1 the Tsars enacted the largest land reform program in world history that would have absolutely exploded land productivity. Yes of course Russia had to continue to reform, but so did Japan and so did the Soviet Union. I would argue not killing millions of your most productive farmers, put 100s of your intellectuals into labor camps, enacting genocide on multiple nations, declaring global war on the rest of the world would be a benefit. The paper makes a whole lot of other highly questionable claims. > I argue that industrial development would have been almost asfast had the five year plans been carried out within the frame work of the NEP–but it none-the-less nudged up the growth rate. This claim is incredibly questionable. If you actually read the documentation from that time, actually what the people in charge of the Soviet Union knew, was that those things were not independent. The massive export of grain is what allowed the massive import of foreign machine tools, factory designs and a million other things. The Soviets literally took food away from starving farmers, put it on trains, shipped it to Germany and got amazing high quality machine tools back ON THE SAME TRAIN that were vital for industrialization. During the NEP they wanted to do the same thing, and they tried, but unfortunately for them the Red Army was parading down Red Square on bicycles and they literally couldn't. The paper doesn't substantiate these claims on how equal industrialization would have been possible without collectivization. I could go on, there is so much questionable things in the paper. Honestly I feel slightly discussion by their treatment (or non treatment) of multi-million people starving in the period that they are discussing. > https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 I can't event take this paper seriously.
  - 5y ago

by keith1 5y ago

yogthos 5y ago

>I'm mainly referring to the process of price-setting. Rather than having some all-powerful body that determines the price, the price is determined by market participants. Too high and no one buys, too low and no one makes a profit. The market determing the price of goods is an example of decentralized decision-making. But that's not the case in practice, and the government isn't the only way centralization happens. For example, consider telecom industry in US or Canada. There are a small number of providers that effectively form a cartel that carves up the country and ensure that prices stay high. Meanwhile, there is no incentive to provide decent service since there is no viable competition. New players are unable to break in because the initial cost of matching the infrastructure is astronomic, and radio spectrum is monopolized. So, even if initial conditions might facilitate some kind of market competition, it quickly disappears as the system evolves over time. >This aspect of Capitalism is what allows for a more efficient allocation of scarce resources. It's quite clear that capitalism isn't very efficient at allocating resources at scale. We have hunger while we throw away around half the food we produce. We have homeless people while there is more housing than the homeless. We throw regularly away goods that are over produced. Products have planned obsolescence just so that they're thrown away and new ones are bought. Furthermore, despite having many advances in technology and automation people still work as hard as ever. You would think that an efficient system would actually reduce work and create more free time for people. Capitalism shows incredibly inefficiency all around. >Communism as implemented in the USSR lacked this aspect which is why the allocation of resources was less than ideal. e.g. Bread lines, two or more years to receive a car that was purchased, etc. CIA data suggests they ate just as much as Americans after WW2 peroid while having better nutrition: https://www.scribd.com/document/430076844/CIA-RDP84B00274R000300150009-5-pdf https://www.scribd.com/document/430076844/CIA-RDP84B00274R00... Furthermore, Russia went from a backwards agrarian society where people travelled by horse and carriage to being the first in space in the span of 40 years. Russia showed incredible growth after the revolution that surpassed the rest of the world: * https://wid.world/document/soviets-oligarchs-inequality-property-russia-1905-2016/ https://wid.world/document/soviets-oligarchs-inequality-prop... * https://wid.world/document/appendix-soviets-oligarchs-inequality-property-russia-1905-2016-wid-world-working-paper-201710/ https://wid.world/document/appendix-soviets-oligarchs-inequa... USSR provided free education to all citizens resulting in literacy rising from 33% to 99.9%: * http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/PubEdUSSR.htm http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/PubEdUSSR.htm * http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/anglosov.htm http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/anglosov.htm * http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000013/001300eo.pdf http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000013/001300eo.pdf * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likbez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likbez USSR doubled life expectancy in just 20 years. A newborn child in 1926-27 had a life expectancy of 44.4 years, up from 32.3 years thirty years before. In 1958-59 the life expectancy for newborns went up to 68.6 years. the Semashko system of the USSR increased lifespan by 50% in 20 years. By the 1960's, lifespans in the USSR were comparable to those in the USA: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Union https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Uni... * https://www.rand.org/pubs/research\_briefs/RB5054/index1.html](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB5054/index1.html https://www.rand.org/pubs/research\_briefs/RB5054/index1.htm... Quality of nutrition improved after the Soviet revolution, and the last time USSR had a famine was in 1940s. USSR moved from 58.5-hour work weeks to 41.6 hour work weeks (-0.36 h/yr) between 1913 and 1960: * https://books.google.com/books?id=x8JYjwEACAAJ https://books.google.com/books?id=x8JYjwEACAAJ * https://b-ok.cc/book/2669908/77497f https://b-ok.cc/book/2669908/77497f USSR averaged 22 days of paid leave in 1986 while USA averaged 7.6 in 1996: * https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.pdf https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.p... * https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ebs.t05.htm https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ebs.t05.htm In 1987, people in the USSR could retire with pension at 55 (female) and 60 (male) while receiving 50% of their wages at a at minimum. Meanwhile, in USA the average retirement age was 62-67 and the average (not median) retiree household in the USA could expect $48k/yr which comes out to 65% of the 74k average (not median) household income in 2016: * https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.pdf https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1994/94B09_66_englp2.p... * https://www.cbsnews.com/news/could-you-get-by-on-the-average-americans-retirement-income/ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/could-you-get-by-on-the-average... GDP took off after socialism was established and then collapsed with the reintroduction of capitalism: * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_GDP_per_capita.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_GDP_per... The Soviet Union had the highest physician/patient ratio in the world. USSR had 42 doctors per 10,000 population compared to 24 in Denmark and Sweden, and 19 in US: * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0735675784900482 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/07356757849... (sci-hub for access) * USSR defeated a smallpox epidemic in a matter of 19 days https://www.rbth.com/history/331857-how-ussr-defeated-black-smallpox https://www.rbth.com/history/331857-how-ussr-defeated-black-... * The Social Consequences of Soviet Immunization Policies https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1997-812-03g-Hoch.pdf https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1997-812-03g-Hoch.pdf USSR produced many firsts in the realm of science and technology: * 1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 Semyorka * 1957: First orbiting satellite, Sputnik 1 * 1957: First living in orbit, the dog Laika on Sputnik 2 * 1957: First nuclear powered icebreaker "Lenin" weighing in at 19,240 tons of steel * 1958: First Tokamak thermonuclear experimental system * 1959: First man-made object to leave the Earth's orbit, Luna 1 * 1959: First communication to and from Luna 1 with Earth * 1959: First object to pass near the moon, and the first object in orbit around the Moon, Luna 1 * 1959: First satellite hit the moon, Luna 2 * 1959: First images of the dark side of the moon, Luna 3 * 1960: First satellite to be launched to Mars, the Marsnik 1 * 1961: First satellite to Venus, Venera 1 * 1961: First person to enter orbit around the Earth, Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 * 1961: First person to spend a day in orbit, Gherman Titov – Vostok 2 * 1962: First flight of two astronauts, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 * 1963: First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 * 1964: First flight of several astronauts, Voskhod 1 * 1965: First spacewalk, Aleksei Leonov, Voskhod 2 * 1965: First probe to another planet Venus, Venera 3 * 1966: First probe to descend on the moon and send from there, Luna 9 * 1966: First probe in lunar orbit, Luna 10 * 1967: First meeting of unmanned Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188, this aws not achieved by US until 2006 * 1969: First docking and crew exchange in orbit, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 * 1970: First signals sent to the moon by Luna 16 * 1970: First mobile robot, Lunokhod 1 * 1970: First data sent by a probe from another planet (Venus), Venera 7 * 1971: First space station, Salyut 1 * 1971: First satellite in orbit around Mars and landing on Mars 2 * 1975: First satellite in orbit around Venus and sending data to earth, Venera 9 * 1984: First woman to walk in space, Svetlana Savitskaja on Salyut 7 * 1986: First team to visit two space stations Salyut and Mir * 1986: First permanent space station in Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, MIR * 1987: First team to spend more than a year aboard Mir, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov These are just some of the biggest technological and social achievements of the Soviet Union. and here are academic studies on USSR Professor of Economic History, Robert C. Allen, concludes in his study without the 1917 revolution is directly responsible for rapid growth that made the achievements listed above possilbe: * https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.507.8966&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50... Study demonstrating the steady increase in quality of life during the Soviet period (including under Stalin). Includes the fact that Soviet life expectancy grew faster than any other nation recorded at the time: * https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 A large study using world bank data analyzing the quality of life in Capitalist vs Socialist countries and finds overwhelmingly at similar levels of development with socialism bringing better quality of life: * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1646771/pdf/amjph00269-0055.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1646771/pdf/amj... This study compared capitalist and socialist countries in measures of the physical quality of life (PQL), taking into account the level of economic development. * https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2430906/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2430906/ You also appear to be misunderstanding China here. The way capitalism is introduced there is quite different the way it would work in a capitalist country. Calling the communist model legacy is nonsensical since that's what core economy and policy are based around. Capitalism is introduced in strictly supplementary fashion and not intended to replace the communist model. In fact, China explicitly plans to phase it out entirely by 2050.

nickik 5y ago
> Professor of Economic History, Robert C. Allen, concludes in his study without the 1917 revolution is directly responsible for rapid growth that made the achievements listed above possilbe: > * https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.50... This paper admits that Imperial Russia growth was just as good or better then Soviet growth. They state: > Japanese growth was based on institutional modernization that exceeded anything imaginedby the Tsars. Without a comparable institutional revolution, Russia would have languished. This is a pretty absurd statement that assumes the conclusion. Under the Tsars multiple massive institutional changes happened multiple time, and often in the 19th century. Literally just a few years before WW1 the Tsars enacted the largest land reform program in world history that would have absolutely exploded land productivity. Yes of course Russia had to continue to reform, but so did Japan and so did the Soviet Union. I would argue not killing millions of your most productive farmers, put 100s of your intellectuals into labor camps, enacting genocide on multiple nations, declaring global war on the rest of the world would be a benefit. The paper makes a whole lot of other highly questionable claims. > I argue that industrial development would have been almost asfast had the five year plans been carried out within the frame work of the NEP–but it none-the-less nudged up the growth rate. This claim is incredibly questionable. If you actually read the documentation from that time, actually what the people in charge of the Soviet Union knew, was that those things were not independent. The massive export of grain is what allowed the massive import of foreign machine tools, factory designs and a million other things. The Soviets literally took food away from starving farmers, put it on trains, shipped it to Germany and got amazing high quality machine tools back ON THE SAME TRAIN that were vital for industrialization. During the NEP they wanted to do the same thing, and they tried, but unfortunately for them the Red Army was parading down Red Square on bicycles and they literally couldn't. The paper doesn't substantiate these claims on how equal industrialization would have been possible without collectivization. I could go on, there is so much questionable things in the paper. Honestly I feel slightly discussion by their treatment (or non treatment) of multi-million people starving in the period that they are discussing. > https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672986?seq=1 I can't event take this paper seriously.
- 5y ago