With just an instruction trace you can't figure out which application code the interpreter executed. AFAIK modern Java VMs all use tiered compilation which mean

With just an instruction trace you can't figure out which application code the interpreter executed. AFAIK modern Java VMs all use tiered compilation which means there is likely to be some interpreted code sprinkled around even if the majority is JITted code. This is going to mess you up. As for the JIT, it's not clear to me that modern Java VMs actually maintain a complete machine-code-to-application-bytecode mapping. It would be good for Pernosco if they did, but I think it's more likely they keep around just enough metadata to generate stack traces, and otherwise rely on tier-down with on-stack replacement to handle debugging with breakpoints, at least for the highest JIT tiers.