Your response was well-reasoned and thought out, and I certainly wasn't TRYING to imply it was mostly unions. But having done work in the past to do detailed a

Your response was well-reasoned and thought out, and I certainly wasn't TRYING to imply it was mostly unions. But having done work in the past to do detailed analysis for the WMATA (they run the DC metro system) on various understaffing issues, the unions do contribute to issues with operations and maintenance. I will not and cannot comment on their issues with construction of the Silver Line. But as far as maintenance, the unions (they do the same for BART by the way) constrain hiring the proper number of maintenance techs, so that the employed techs get large quantities of overtime pay. A single person working 12 hours a day ends up costing the same as two people working 8 hour days, but is definitely not going to be able to keep up with repairs, resulting in the constant broken escalators and elevators and out of commission tracks that have plagued WMATA increasingly since the late 2000's. Reducing the quantity of workers when negotiating with an entrenched union is very, very difficult to do. They tend to want to keep the same quantity, or very slowly increase the quantity. This is very well documented behavior that is covered extensively in the book "The Machine That Changed the World", which was the first book documenting Toyota's journey with LEAN manufacturing, and then talking about the challenges GM faced with their unions when trying to implement these same practices. All that being said, you were correct to poke holes in my statement and you added to the conversation significantly, so thank you for that.