There's also a reason it's much higher in the UK (I don't know about France) and it's the online component. The UK has long card numbers for debit cards, often

There's also a reason it's much higher in the UK (I don't know about France) and it's the online component. The UK has long card numbers for debit cards, often usable online with just your credit card number + CVV, similar to how US credit cards work. This is not the case for debit cards in a good number of other European countries. For example, my Dutch card can only be used physically at an ATM using your PIN, or online by using a payment system like iDEAL for which you need bank login details + password (which is not stored on the card). It does not have a long card number like most US debit/credit cards.