Sometimes it was just an accident on the way to the forum... https://crimereads.com/the-invention-of-murder-how-the-ancient-romans-codified-their-bizarre-views

Sometimes it was just an accident on the way to the forum... https://crimereads.com/the-invention-of-murder-how-the-ancient-romans-codified-their-bizarre-views-on-murder/ https://crimereads.com/the-invention-of-murder-how-the-ancie... But then, you still have quite large areas on this planet with a state and codified law, but de facto pre-state legal structures. So called failed states, tribal clan jurisdiction, gang, mafia and insurgent organisations that are or were the law in, for example, southern Italy, the IRA in northern Ireland back than or more 'lawless' slums on this planet like the favelas in south America. And so on. There are reasons, it took some time, a few thousand years at least, for large parts of the population to realize that following abstract laws by everyone is an advantage and that more, how should I put it, federalist approaches can be insufficient. Human rights are an achievement not a given.