Note that much of the waste probably comes from thermal / fossil power generation, which is unavoidable even in theory (cf. Carnot efficiency). That is, unavoi

Note that much of the waste probably comes from thermal / fossil power generation, which is unavoidable even in theory (cf. Carnot efficiency). That is, unavoidable unless chemical energy is turned into electrical energy directly like in fuel cells (these have smaller but still surprisingly large losses), or the rejected thermal energy is used for heating.