I have never spent much time learning debuggers honestly. I'm not sure if what I want exists: I would love to have a debugger that offers a partial text editor

I have never spent much time learning debuggers honestly. I'm not sure if what I want exists: I would love to have a debugger that offers a partial text editor experience, eg. it shows my code, I move the cursor to some statement, then I press some key binding and the debugger starts printing (in another window) all the state changes in that statement. Another key binding prints all the state changes in the entire function, etc. All of this while the program is running. Are there debuggers that can do this? I have used gdb in the past, but having to set up breakpoints by hand and remembering names makes it too tedious.