Also strict border controls with supervised hotel quarantine. The formula is: 1. Implement border controls so few/no cases get in 2. If you already have an ou

Also strict border controls with supervised hotel quarantine. The formula is: 1. Implement border controls so few/no cases get in 2. If you already have an outbreak, do a lockdown (possibly targeted to a city or province) 3. Once you have few cases, aggressively test/trace. This is not possible with lots of cases. If you have an open border though, this won't work, because you're going to import lots of cases, and those people, by the nature of being travelers, are going to be staying in hotels, eating in restaurants, taking public transit, exposing lots of people. They then leave the country and so are hard to contact trace. If you look at the countries that have the fewest per capita deaths, they essentially universally implemented early border controls with supervised quarantine for arrivals. Everyone talks about SK, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia, and New Zealand, but there are lower income countries that succeeded with this too like Vietnam. Rwanda has also done very well with a requirement that arrivals test on arrival and undergo supervised quarantine for 24 hours while waiting for test results.