A similar example is when proficiency in a language is necessary for study or work in another field. A university where all coursework is done in English, for e

A similar example is when proficiency in a language is necessary for study or work in another field. A university where all coursework is done in English, for example, needs for incoming students to be able to understand lectures and texts in real time. Tests like TOEFL or IELTS are reasonably good at measuring those skills when they are conducted in a proctored testing center. If test takers can use dictionaries, voice recognition software, machine translation, etc. during the test, then those real-time skills can no longer be measured accurately. Since last year, many universities have had to adopt other methods of evaluating applicants’ language skills, such as one-on-one interviews, which are more expensive and time-consuming.