Visual Studio's UI is written in WPF and there's native support for pixel-pitting vector graphics, exactly for the purpose of icons and other things that, while

Visual Studio's UI is written in WPF and there's native support for pixel-pitting vector graphics, exactly for the purpose of icons and other things that, while vector, must be aligned to device pixels. I think I remember seeing that at least the old icons definitely made use of that (you can download the whole icon packs for VS2012–2019 somewhere on the Microsoft site). And I think you should also be able to do LOD; it's possible with SVG with media queries; you should be able to do this with XAML at the very least via injecting size information via a data context.