No what you said is completely wrong. Publication is not required for an exclusive monopoly it is only required for a patent. There are many many monopolies an

No what you said is completely wrong. Publication is not required for an exclusive monopoly it is only required for a patent. There are many many monopolies and oligopolies over products that are enforced without patents or use of intellectual property laws. Oil was an example of a oligopoly enforced by geography. OPEC. The f35 is a publicly and internationally distributed product for which a monopoly by lockheed is obtained by unparalleled and uncopyable technical aptitude crystallized into the product itself. This as well as astronomically high costs, and trade secrets help make sure very few entities can copy the product. The only incentive for highly complex products to exhist in the market place is the ability to monopolize the product to a certain extent. What is the point of selling the product if anyone can make it? The point is that there are barriers of entry that every business uses to stay relevant. A patent is simply one barrier in a toolset of economic barriers. Make no mistake, the monopoly google holds over search has fundamentally the same economic effect as a patent. Same with monopolies held by facebook, uber and apple all held without patents.