Wait, when you said Chinese mining cartel, did you mean bitcoin mining? Not actual mining? Bitcoin mining doesn't cause pollution, running a power plant does.

Wait, when you said Chinese mining cartel, did you mean bitcoin mining? Not actual mining? Bitcoin mining doesn't cause pollution, running a power plant does. If the power plant isn't publishing reasonable records as to pollution caused and tax recovered then you add it to the estimated total for the country and tax imports, that way the country fixes itself because they don't want to lose trade.