It's hard to accurately drive e-paper, so some prefer to consider them black-and-white screens. However, taken at a macroscopic level, it has quite an important

It's hard to accurately drive e-paper, so some prefer to consider them black-and-white screens. However, taken at a macroscopic level, it has quite an important bit-depth, as while each individual particle might have only ~two possible states, you are controlling a distribution of more than a hundred of these per pixel. In a sense, the variability (particle size, etc) will already introduce some noise, which, for instance, makes it so that you need less antialiasing. Another use of that variability is that those screens can effectively be driven as if they had a very deep dynamic range. Your statement would be true if all particles were strictly the same, reacted at the same voltage, had exactly two equilibrium points, and didn't interact with each other. Luckily, reality isn't so dull, and you don't really need dither if you put a bit more effort into controlling the voltage being applied: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16140284 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16140284