machine readable can involve more than visible spectrum. Radar and light beam reflectors, non-vis spectrum strobes, radio beacons, swarm. Volvo was working on t

machine readable can involve more than visible spectrum. Radar and light beam reflectors, non-vis spectrum strobes, radio beacons, swarm. Volvo was working on this years back, before "autonomous" - cars sharing data via wireless comms, using installed navigation markers by roads and more. There are ways, just no central will. Google, among others, is using private (external, not owned or controlled by google) wi-fi access points as radio beacons for navigation today. Good old wardriving google. This is one factor facilitating navigation in cities when GPS is spotty. And then you have cell towers. Centralized, standardized navigation facilitation solutions would be better, more reliable, not require mobile internet access for alignment with beacons, as they would be in a stored database in the vehicle, etc.