The article is from 2014 and describes events from 2001. That is before the Agile approach became popular for managing software development projects. It is the

The article is from 2014 and describes events from 2001. That is before the Agile approach became popular for managing software development projects. It is the same year the Manifesto for Agile Software Development was written. Agile happened because using the standard set of pre-Agile tools was inflexible. Replanning happened way too often, and was way too much work. Or, worse, teams tried to stick to a clearly obsolete schedule. This is not to say that Agile, especially as it has morphed into something that is too often a jargon-laden dogma, it an unalloyed good. But it was a relatively primitive time for software project management. The article says very little about what responsibilities were organized onder project managers. Was it the wrong approach to project management? Was the job description inappropriate? The wrong tools?