Let's not forget upfront and arbitrary budget and time constraints from the customer side. "We want the project to be delivered by X, and we have a budget of Y

Let's not forget upfront and arbitrary budget and time constraints from the customer side. "We want the project to be delivered by X, and we have a budget of Y. Our specs are Z, but not really, so factor in A refactorings (A for arbitrary). Oh, and we don't have Q for Quality defined." Especially prone in government and military contracts. Throw in some arbitrary public procurement rules so that Y is allegedly not disclosed, except to the select contractors that somehow know what the desired Y is and what the competition is bidding before bid close. You get the F-35, which pragmatists say was never meant to fly, just to make the players rich in the process of failure. Sauces: https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/02/23/the-us-air-force-just-admitted-the-f-35-stealth-fighter-has-failed/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/02/23/the-us-air-... https://pando.com/2015/09/24/war-nerd-why-f-35-albanian-mushroom/ https://pando.com/2015/09/24/war-nerd-why-f-35-albanian-mush...