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Can somebody give a layman explanation why the debris would stay in the same orbit? I would expect a lot of energy to go into destroying both objects, especiall

by moring 6y ago

Can somebody give a layman explanation why the debris would stay in the same orbit? I would expect a lot of energy to go into destroying both objects, especially in a head-on collision.

hn_throwaway_99 6y ago
Conservation of momentum. All of the teeny little bits of the two colliding objects still have the exact same average momentum of the two original objects, now there are just hundreds of thousands of them flying off in slightly different directions. The movie Gravity actually gives a fairly good, if overly dramatized, example of what happens when objects collide in space.
eqvinox 6y ago
Put quite simply - the energy doesn't go into destroying objects. There's only a very small amount going into heating things up from mechanical deformation [and a bit into spinning], but fundamentally, splitting something in a million pieces just means you have a million pieces that have the same total kinetic energy in orbit. However, they also exchange kinetic energy & impulse with each other, meaning you get a mix of slower and faster pieces. This is what the Gabbard diagram shows: https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545 https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545 Anything that is sped up in the collision (i.e. "steals" energy from another piece) has the same perigee (orbit low point) but a higher apogee (orbit high point.) The reverse happens to anything slowed down / stolen from. That's why the graph looks like open scissors. Some pieces with lower perigee will friction against earth atmosphere and burn up, but the ones with higher apogee become a serious problem... (also, for anyone who can't remember to distinguish apogee & perigee: think of your periphery, it's the things close to you :D)
- JshWright 6y ago
  I think of "peripheral" as being "far from the center of my vision". Fortunately, years of Kerbal Space Program means the apo/peri prefixes are pretty solidly ingrained.
  - eqvinox 6y ago
    Ah crap :/ …well I guess the "center of vision" is the center of the orbit ellipse… ;D (just trying to salvage the mnemonic aid for myself)
- _0ffh 6y ago
  My mental crutch was always Apogee Software. It's more intuitive that someone calls their company "High Point Software" than "Low Point Software".
- ithkuil 6y ago
  My mental crutch is "apotheosis" (the high point of something)
mnw21cam 6y ago
A lot of the debris won't stay in the same orbit. It'll be like a mini-explosion, spraying out debris in every direction, but then add the existing velocity to that. So yes, the debris will be in another orbit. The question is, how much of a change occurs. In the twitter thread, there is a Gabbard diagram that shows a prediction of the orbits that the pieces will end up in. The satellites currently have a reasonably circular orbit, with apogee (highest point) and perigee (lowest point) about 800km. After the collision, the apogee is likely to be higher and the perigee is likely to be lower, so the orbits won't be circular any more. The way this happens is - if the debris piece is knocked directly backwards, then its apogee will be about the same, but its perigee will be lower. If it is knocked forwards (yes, that can happen), then the apogee will be raised, and the perigee will be about the same, and the piece could remain in orbit for a long time. If it is knocked up or down, then both the perigee will be lowered and the apogee will be raised. If the perigee is low enough, then the pieces will scrape through the upper levels of the atmosphere, and de-orbit eventually. It looks like the prediction is for the lowest perigee to be about 200km. It may take a long time for even those pieces to de-orbit.
brandmeyer 6y ago
It doesn't. It splatters into many related orbits. https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545/photo/1 https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545/photo/...

by moring 6y ago

Can somebody give a layman explanation why the debris would stay in the same orbit? I would expect a lot of energy to go into destroying both objects, especially in a head-on collision.

hn_throwaway_99 6y ago

Conservation of momentum. All of the teeny little bits of the two colliding objects still have the exact same average momentum of the two original objects, now there are just hundreds of thousands of them flying off in slightly different directions. The movie Gravity actually gives a fairly good, if overly dramatized, example of what happens when objects collide in space.

eqvinox 6y ago

Put quite simply - the energy doesn't go into destroying objects. There's only a very small amount going into heating things up from mechanical deformation [and a bit into spinning], but fundamentally, splitting something in a million pieces just means you have a million pieces that have the same total kinetic energy in orbit. However, they also exchange kinetic energy & impulse with each other, meaning you get a mix of slower and faster pieces. This is what the Gabbard diagram shows: https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545 https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545 Anything that is sped up in the collision (i.e. "steals" energy from another piece) has the same perigee (orbit low point) but a higher apogee (orbit high point.) The reverse happens to anything slowed down / stolen from. That's why the graph looks like open scissors. Some pieces with lower perigee will friction against earth atmosphere and burn up, but the ones with higher apogee become a serious problem... (also, for anyone who can't remember to distinguish apogee & perigee: think of your periphery, it's the things close to you :D)

JshWright 6y ago
I think of "peripheral" as being "far from the center of my vision". Fortunately, years of Kerbal Space Program means the apo/peri prefixes are pretty solidly ingrained.
- eqvinox 6y ago
  Ah crap :/ …well I guess the "center of vision" is the center of the orbit ellipse… ;D (just trying to salvage the mnemonic aid for myself)
_0ffh 6y ago
My mental crutch was always Apogee Software. It's more intuitive that someone calls their company "High Point Software" than "Low Point Software".
ithkuil 6y ago
My mental crutch is "apotheosis" (the high point of something)

mnw21cam 6y ago

A lot of the debris won't stay in the same orbit. It'll be like a mini-explosion, spraying out debris in every direction, but then add the existing velocity to that. So yes, the debris will be in another orbit. The question is, how much of a change occurs. In the twitter thread, there is a Gabbard diagram that shows a prediction of the orbits that the pieces will end up in. The satellites currently have a reasonably circular orbit, with apogee (highest point) and perigee (lowest point) about 800km. After the collision, the apogee is likely to be higher and the perigee is likely to be lower, so the orbits won't be circular any more. The way this happens is - if the debris piece is knocked directly backwards, then its apogee will be about the same, but its perigee will be lower. If it is knocked forwards (yes, that can happen), then the apogee will be raised, and the perigee will be about the same, and the piece could remain in orbit for a long time. If it is knocked up or down, then both the perigee will be lowered and the apogee will be raised. If the perigee is low enough, then the pieces will scrape through the upper levels of the atmosphere, and de-orbit eventually. It looks like the prediction is for the lowest perigee to be about 200km. It may take a long time for even those pieces to de-orbit.

brandmeyer 6y ago

It doesn't. It splatters into many related orbits. https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545/photo/1 https://twitter.com/EU_SST/status/1380443036862316545/photo/...