There's two separate programs under VMS: MACRO32 is a VAX assembly compiler - given a VAX assembly source listing, it can turn it into object code for Alpha, I

There's two separate programs under VMS: MACRO32 is a VAX assembly compiler - given a VAX assembly source listing, it can turn it into object code for Alpha, IA64 or x86. In some cases, the code will need special annotations. There's also VEST on Alpha which does translation of user-mode VAX binaries into Alpha binaries. I think that was an optional product. Many products (including things unrelated to the operating system) don't fall into the user-mode category due to the use of the "Privileged Image" mechanism of VMS. Nitpick: Neither are emulators in the strictest sense of the term.