I try to avoid calling anything a refactor. I just describe it as part of the fix. Similarly I never try to convince management that I need time to improve cod

I try to avoid calling anything a refactor. I just describe it as part of the fix. Similarly I never try to convince management that I need time to improve code quality... I just do it to code that I’m touching. I think people who don’t know the details have the (often correct) heuristic that work that doesn’t deliver incremental results is just an excuse to waste time / sandbag, so I just don’t bother trying to convince about the ROI.