Another example is language certificates. Maybe less well known to the monolingual English speakers here, but jobs in non-English speaking countries often have

Another example is language certificates. Maybe less well known to the monolingual English speakers here, but jobs in non-English speaking countries often have the requirement to speak English for business contact, to read professional reference material etc. There are many exams and certificates (local ones, or international ones, like TOEFL, IELTS, etc.), and they are nice on a CV, but they will always do a short test if you can actually speak the language. Passing a standard test is not always enough. It may also be the fact that doctoring is more about keeping a large amount of facts and experiences in mind as condensed expertise, while programming is more about raw intelligence and solving novel problems analytically (although this sounds a bit pretentious and self-important, I know). Cardiology is very unlike logic puzzles. Now sure, day-to-day programming may also not be much like logic puzzles, hence the endless criticism of whiteboard leetcode interviews.