You cannot (a) measure talent and (b) not have it related to income. One way to get rich is to be smart. As a result, rich people are likely to have genes that

You cannot (a) measure talent and (b) not have it related to income. One way to get rich is to be smart. As a result, rich people are likely to have genes that cause higher IQ, which they pass on to their children. (There is evidence for this.) They also have more books around the house, and spend more on teaching their children. And in other ways they are likely to provide an enriched environment. As a result, their children will on average be smarter than other people's children by the age of 18. That doesn't mean that we shouldn't care about inequality. For example, we should try and provide enriched environments for poor children. We should also try to design tests that capture "innate talent" rather than "expensive education". But if you try to create a measure of talent that is not related to income, you will fail, and if you try hard enough, you will effectively cease to measure talent.