How is a company the same as an individual? How do you compare risk the company takes when investing in research, marketing, hiring, etc to a person going to me

How is a company the same as an individual? How do you compare risk the company takes when investing in research, marketing, hiring, etc to a person going to medical school? This is an apples and oranges comparison at best. If companies were treated exactly as individuals in this case, I don’t think many companies would survive. With less of the pie to go around, that’s effectively fewer jobs and less wealth created for people who work at these companies.