> If the Ever Given really was ran aground to due a once-in-a-75-year-sandstorm then it's hardly the fault of either the captain or the port authority to predic

> If the Ever Given really was ran aground to due a once-in-a-75-year-sandstorm then it's hardly the fault of either the captain or the port authority to predict such a freak weather occurrence. The second part of your sentence does not follow from the first part. If you have a large storm every with low but non-zero probability (and, actually, a higher probability than 1/(36575) given the weather conditions, let's say 1/(4075) = 1/3000) - then the parties to the agreement regarding the use of the canal need to plan for this contingency; and I assume the contract governs who has responsibility for such planning: The canal for salvages/re-floating, or the ships for being able to maintain buoyancy even in this kind of conditions. In other words: The point is not to predict the occurrence, it's to be ready for when it occurs. -- PS - I've ignored the question of insurance.