Successful societies do exactly that. It's called taxes. As for what a realistic bet would look like (you're founding a startup or something), I believe the ex

Successful societies do exactly that. It's called taxes. As for what a realistic bet would look like (you're founding a startup or something), I believe the expectation is often not much greater than 1, so one does not simply found 100 startups and distribute the income of the 5 successful ones to everyone else. (And even if it is, the people capable of founding startups often have steadier, though less impressive, means of increasing their wealth. Startups are often founded for reasons other than wealth, after all.)