We do learn these by recognizing what actions usually comes before this outcome. That's how we learn the causality. That's how we learn the wrong causality as w

We do learn these by recognizing what actions usually comes before this outcome. That's how we learn the causality. That's how we learn the wrong causality as well (required outcome after praying, that's how we created all Gods). We see what did we really do to get this. We often don't have any idea. And we put any label we find most appealing and plausible based on our previous assumptions. Machines can learn to do the same by going back one step by answering "What could have happened before" in terms of probability.