There is no one magic bullet panacea. Many approaches will be needed to holistically reduce the energy in the water system. CCS and SRM are the leading ones. A

There is no one magic bullet panacea. Many approaches will be needed to holistically reduce the energy in the water system. CCS and SRM are the leading ones. As far as CCS goes, doing so with mechanical pumps is a waste of energy when biomass can do it much more cheaply, efficiently, and at a larger scale.