The study relies on "colors" defined by human perception, which could be interpreted as a form of training, when all inputs are restricted to that definition.

The study relies on "colors" defined by human perception, which could be interpreted as a form of training, when all inputs are restricted to that definition. The efficiency/complexity insight doesn't rely on that data, but the human-like output produced by human-like color data combined with communications limitations does rely on it, and that's what the article is all about.