It is still global. Typing collections and instance/class variables help, you can optionally type methods, but anything that is not explicitly typed is going to

It is still global. Typing collections and instance/class variables help, you can optionally type methods, but anything that is not explicitly typed is going to be inferred during invocation and that needs to happen based on all callers in the whole program. Reducing the amount of type variables do not eliminate the global behavior. In contrast, local inference considers a predefined context, such as the current module or class, and is much faster, easier to cache, etc.