> binary tree is balanced and that each node is one character I found that pretty intuitive given they tell us it is a tree with 2^n-1 nodes, and that this is

> binary tree is balanced and that each node is one character I found that pretty intuitive given they tell us it is a tree with 2^n-1 nodes, and that this is then umber of characters in the text file. What I'm wondering about is what the '=' pad character means in the context of non-valid base64 (i.e. isn't it the same as the 'A' character - a null?)