This de facto duopoly for electronic payments is very concerning, but there seems to be no incentive to break it up. Why do you think that is? Ideally people sh

This de facto duopoly for electronic payments is very concerning, but there seems to be no incentive to break it up. Why do you think that is? Ideally people should be able to create their own banks and issue their own cards provided they talk the same open source protocol. We have all technology available that could enable this, but there needs to be a political will to make this happen. This could me nationalisation of the infrastructure of both payment processors or forcing them to open it up for 3rd parties - for example a private small bank should have no worse fees than a big whale bank. As long as these corporations can gatekeep our money (and time), we are not free.